C1 Advanced (CAE) - Cross Text Multiple Matching 2

The Colonisation Of Mars

A
As a planetary geologist, I find the notion of Mars as humanity's 'backup planet' deeply problematic. Whilst the red planet harbours water ice and essential minerals, the challenges of establishing a sustainable colony are routinely underestimated. The planet's magnetic field is negligible, leaving the surface exposed to harmful radiation. The soil contains perchlorates, toxic compounds that would need extensive treatment before any agriculture could begin. Terraforming, even if theoretically possible, would require centuries of dedicated effort and resources that might be better spent preserving Earth. Maintaining a small research base is feasible, but the idea of Mars as a sanctuary for millions of humans remains firmly in the realm of science fiction.

B
My research in astrobiology suggests that Mars colonisation is not merely possible but essential for our species' long-term survival. Recent technological breakthroughs in radiation shielding and closed-loop life support systems have brought us closer than ever to establishing a permanent human presence. The availability of local resources for manufacturing fuel and building materials through in-situ resource utilisation makes a self-sustaining colony achievable within this century. While terraforming remains a distant prospect, we can create contained habitats that replicate Earth-like conditions. The scientific and technological advances from such an endeavour would revolutionise our capabilities in sustainable living, potentially solving critical issues on Earth as well.

C
From my perspective as a climate scientist, the Mars colonisation debate reflects a dangerous mindset. The notion that we can simply relocate to another planet rather than address Earth's environmental crisis is irresponsible. The technical challenges of making Mars habitable are astronomical compared to maintaining Earth's habitability. The energy required to warm Mars's atmosphere would exceed our current global energy production by orders of magnitude. Moreover, any technologies developed for Mars colonisation would be more efficiently deployed in protecting and restoring Earth's ecosystems. While Mars exploration has scientific merit, viewing it as a solution to Earth's environmental problems is misguided.

D
As an aerospace engineer specialising in habitat design, I see Mars colonisation as a challenging but achievable goal, though not necessarily for species survival. The engineering solutions for radiation protection, oxygen generation, and waste recycling are advancing rapidly. However, the psychological challenges of isolated Mars living may prove more formidable than the technical ones. My research indicates that maintaining mental well-being in such an extreme environment requires careful consideration of social dynamics and community structure. While terraforming remains technically feasible, our immediate focus should be on developing sustainable enclosed habitats. These could serve as proving grounds for technologies applicable to both worlds, particularly in areas of resource efficiency and closed-loop systems.